Is there a simple way for natural logs be calculated by hand? Why are natural logs not calculated by hand often? Is it too difficult to get a accurate answer without a calculator?

Kevin Charles

Kevin Charles

Answered question

2022-10-13

Is there a simple way for natural logs be calculated by hand?
Why are natural logs not calculated by hand often? Is it too difficult to get a accurate answer without a calculator?

Answer & Explanation

Shyla Maldonado

Shyla Maldonado

Beginner2022-10-14Added 15 answers

Remember how your were taught how to add, subtract, multiply and divide when you were a young child? These are very easy to do by hand. It's very hard to do anything else, e.g. square roots, cube roots, trigonometric functions and logarithms are very hard to do by hand.
It is possible to do, but you need to break them up into the four basic operations. It's possible to write logs as addition and multiplication, as follows:
A series expansion is the best way to calculate approximate values.
For example, for some values of x, the Taylor Series expansion is
ln ( 1 1 x ) = x + 1 2 x 2 + 1 3 x 3 + 1 4 x 4 + + 1 k x k +
If you want to approximate ln 2, then substitute x = 1 2
ln 2         1 2     +     1 2 1 4     +     1 3 1 8     +     1 4 1 16     +     1 k 1 2 k
The more terms you add, the better the approximation. For example
When k = 5, we get ln 2 0.68854167 which is off by 0.7 %
When k = 10, we get ln 2 0.69306486 which is off by 0.01 %
ln 2 = 0.69314718 to 8 significant figures.

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