I am a medical student attempting to build mathematical models of disease, but am struggling with the calculus. In particular, I am very confused by this equation shown in attached photo, and feel worse because it is called "elementary". How is the second equation the integral of the first?

$\frac{20b}{{\left(4b^3\right)}^3}$

Which operation could we perform in order to find the number of milliseconds in a year??
${\displaystyle 60\cdot 60\cdot 24\cdot 7\cdot 365}$
${\displaystyle 1000\cdot 60\cdot 60\cdot 24\cdot 365}$
${\displaystyle 24\cdot 60\cdot 100\cdot 7\cdot 52}$
${\displaystyle 1000\cdot 60\cdot 24\cdot 7\cdot 52?}$

Tell about the meaning of Sxx and Sxy in simple linear regression,, especially the meaning of those formulas

Is the number 7356 divisible by 12? Also find the remainder.
A) No
B) 0
C) Yes
D) 6

What is a positive integer?

Determine the value of k if the remainder is 3 given ${\displaystyle (x^3+k{x}^2+x+5)÷(x+2)}$

Is $41$ a prime number?

What is the square root of $98$?

Is the sum of two prime numbers is always even?

149600000000 is equal to
A)$1.496\times <!--\; \times \; -->{10}^{11}$
B)$1.496\times <!--\; \times \; -->{10}^{10}$
C)$1.496\times <!--\; \times \; -->{10}^{12}$
D)$1.496\times <!--\; \times \; -->{10}^8$

Find the value of$\log 1$ to the base $3$ ?

What is the square root of 3 divided by 2 .

write ${\displaystyle \sqrt[5]{{\left(7x\right)}^4}}$ as an equivalent expression using a fractional exponent.

simplify ${\displaystyle \sqrt{125n}}$

What is the square root of ${\displaystyle \frac{144}{169}}$