Show that
X={((x_0: x_1), (y_0:y_1)):(x_0:2+_1^2)(y_0^2+y_1^2)=x_0x_1y_0y_1)} subseteq P^1 times P^1 is a smooth curve of genus 1.
vedentst9i
Answered question
2022-11-19
Prove that given projective curve has genus 1. Show that
is a smooth curve of genus 1. I can prove it with the following reasoning. Using the Segre Embedding, the curve consists on all the elements satisfying the equations
i.e. the vanishing set of I=. I can use the Jacobian criterion to prove it's smooth; no issue. To find the genus, since I'm better at it, I decided to compute the arithmetic genus. To do that, I proved that
is in fact a Gröbner basis (Using GRevLex ordering), so
Then every minimal free resolution of the quotient over a monomial ideal (I think I can remove the hypothesis of it being monomial; I'm not completely sure, but in such case I don't need to compute LT(I) or even prove that I have a Gröbner basis) generated by two elements has the form , in particular, in this case it has the form
which allows me to compute the Hilbert polynomial of X, by the method in the first section of The Geometry of Syzygies from Eisenbud (I remember it's also used in Cox's), and with the Hilbert polynomial I also have that the arithmetic genus is 1. But can I prove it without computing the Hilbert polynomial?
Answer & Explanation
dobradisamgn
Beginner2022-11-20Added 17 answers
Step 1 I'm going to go ahead and show you how to do this with adjunction. The adjunction formula computes the canonical class of a hypersurface from the canonical class of the ambient variety; specifically, it says that for a divisor, we have . Now has Picard rank 2, so we typically specify a divisor class by an ordered pair (a,b). One way of thinking about these classes (at least in the effective case) is that a divisor of type (a,0) is the pullback of a degree a divisor (e.g. the sum of a points) from the first factor, and similarly for type (0,b). These pullbacks are simply disjoint unions of lines (all in the same ruling), the fibers over the divisors on . Taking the union of a divisor of each type, you get a divisor of type (a,b), where now the a lines in one ruling intersect the b lines from the other ruling. Step 2 The other thing to know is the intersection pairing: (two lines, one from each ruling, intersect in a unique point), and (two lines, both from the same ruling, never intersect). Everything else extends by linearity, so in general . To use adjunction here, we need and D. Now hopefully you know that ; it follows from general facts about products of varieties that . Since your curve is given by an equation of bidegree (2,2), its divisor class is also (2,2). So . To compute the degree of the restriction of this class to your curve D, we would normally now compute , but this is unnecessary since the trivial class always restricts to the trivial class. Now since the only curves with trivial canonical class are genus 1, we are done.