When blocking is used, discuss how the blocks are likely to be selected and whether their selection method has an impact on the analysis of variance procedure.

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Blocks are groups of experimental units. Each block is homogeneous within. Typically in design of experiments blocks are selected on the basis of a specific characteristic like gender, age group etc. A blocking factor is a source of variability that is not of primary interest to the experimenter. Blocking reduces unexplained variability. Its principle lies in the fact that variability which cannot be overcome is confounded with a higher order interaction (which is of least importance) to eliminate its influence on the end product. When we can control nuisance factors (confounders), blocking can be used to reduce or eliminate the contribution to experimental error contributed by nuisance factors. The basic concept is to create homogeneous blocks in which the nuisance factors are held constant and the factor of interest is allowed to vary. Within blocks, it is possible to assess the effect of different levels of the factor of interest without having to worry about variations due to changes of the block factors, which are accounted for in the analysis.

When blocking is used, discuss how the blocks

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