Imagine a study testing the hypothesis that being in a happy mood mproves problem solving relative to being in a sad mood. Participants are randomly assigned to view either a happy or sad movie. After the movie they complete a series of puzzles. Their performance is compared. Imagine these are the results: Based on these results we know that the study:A. failed to establish covarianceB. failed to establish internal validityC. failed to establish temporal precedenceD. failed to establish construct validity

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optativaspv · Accepted Answer

The participants are assigned different movies from sad to happy on the basis of testing a hypothesis that a happy mood improves problem-solving capabilities than the sad counterpart.A.failed to establish covarianceOf course, this example would lead to failure in establishing covariance. Because the variables in this do not increase or decrease in opposite direction. The variables in question are not even related to each other in the sense that it changes each other&#039;s value or it affects the values of each other.B. failure to establish internal validityAlthough the random samples are employed in this, there doesn&#039;t seem to be the presence of confounding variables and control variables in this example which leads to this.C. failed to establish temporal precedenceThe cause and effect relationship is not found in this example. The cause doesn&#039;t appear before the effect thus making it a failure to establish temporal precedence.D. failed to establish construct validityThere is simply no correlation to a number of other measures in this example. And there also seems to not have any validity to argue based on the correlation of those numbers.

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