I am trying to solve a differential equation of the type x''=-x+x^3. Now when I first integrat

Kelvin Gregory

Kelvin Gregory

Answered question

2022-02-17

I am trying to solve a differential equation of the type x=x+x3. Now when I first integrate it with respect to time, t, then I am getting x=x(x21)+C, which is a non-linear first order differential equation. Now if the constant happens to be zero then I can solve it by partial fraction method but as life is not easier that constant term tagged to the x is actually not zero. So how to proceed forward in this case.
Thank you!

Answer & Explanation

zakrwinpfo

zakrwinpfo

Beginner2022-02-18Added 4 answers

Starting with:
d2dt2x(t)3x(t)    (1)
substitute:
x(t)=2ky(t)1+k2
into (1) and then rename the variable to:
t=T1+k2
and you get the equation for the Jacobi elliptic sn function:
d2dT2y(T)2y(T)3k2+(1+k2)y(T)
which has solution:
y(T)=sn(T+τ0,k)
and you are free to pick the value for the elliptic modulus k and starting value τ0 as these are your two free parameters for the second order differential equation. Back substitution then gives:
x(t)=2k1+k2sn(t1+k2+τ0,k)
You will recover an elementary function if you chose k=1 and you get:
x(t)=tanh(t2+τ0)
as you are aware.
copausc20

copausc20

Beginner2022-02-19Added 8 answers

Multiplying your equation by x' and using the facts that xx=(x22), ×=(x22) and x3x=(x44, where 's represents the derivatives w.r.t. t, and interating the resulting equation you get
x22=x22x44 (we have taken c1=0),
or x=±x2x42 or ±dxx2=x42=dt or ±dxx2=x42=t
(c2=0). Evaluation of the integral (by trigonometric substitution x=2sinθ) gives you the result. We have chosen constants of integration for the sake of simplicity.

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