How do nuclear properties influence the atomic properties and vice versa?

brasocas6

brasocas6

Answered question

2022-08-10

How do nuclear properties influence the atomic properties and vice versa?

Answer & Explanation

uiteensitnh

uiteensitnh

Beginner2022-08-11Added 9 answers

Heavy nuclei exert a strong Coulomb attraction on the inner shell electrons. This force is so strong the first, lowest energy level electrons may come very close to the nucleus. The electrons energy is also dependent on the electron-electron interactions that occur in an atom. For heavy nuclei, the lower shell electrons actually have a non-zero probability of spending time inside a nucleus. This time inside a nucleus actually screens the electrons and increases the electron-electron energy. The solution can be derived using quantum mechanics.
Massatfy

Massatfy

Beginner2022-08-12Added 6 answers

The OP is basically searching for hyperfine interaction. Nuclei may have magnetic dipole ( I ) 1 / 2, electric quadrupole ( I ) 1) and higher moments. These moments interact with the electrons and may cause hyperfine splitting of electronic energy levels. A famous example is the 21 cm line resonance due to the hyperfine interaction of the proton ( S = 1 / 2) and electron ( S = 1 / 2) spins in neutral hydrogen atoms.

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