Why do molecules in a gas not generally arrange themselves at the distance of minimum potential energy?
malaana5k
Answered question
2022-09-27
Answer & Explanation
Abagail Stephenson
Beginner2022-09-28Added 9 answers
What this means is that while the system is indeed attempting to minimise the potential energy U, it is simultaneously trying to maximise the entropy S. The balance, i.e. which term dominates, is determined by the temperature T.
At high temperatures, entropy (which favours spaced out, randomly disordered atoms) dominates. This can also be understood from an atomistic perspective: at high temperatures, the atoms are randomly jiggling at high velocities and therefore have a tendency to break any bonds that form.
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