Explain how a guitar produces sound by using the terms standing waves and resonance.

In this question, our task is to explain how a guitar generates sound using the concept of standing waves and resonance.
Standing waves are a type of waves that oscillate with time but do not move in space. Typically, standing waves are produced in a string when the string is fixed on both ends and are allowed to vibrate at certain wavelengths. The shorter the string is, the larger is the frequency. Likewise, the thinner the string is, the larger is the frequency as well.
Guitars are musical instruments that make use of standing waves to produce sound. Plucking the strings of a guitar produces a vibration of the strings that is characteristic of a standing wave. We can change the frequency, and hence the pitch of the sound produced by the strings by making our fingers apply pressure on the neck of the guitar. On the other hand, we could also tighten the strings by adjusting the small knobs of the guitar to increase the pitch.
We can amplify the sound produced by the guitar by applying resonance. Resonance is a phenomenon in which objects tend to vibrate at larger amplitudes when operated at their natural frequencies. An acoustic guitar is made of a hollow surface to achieve resonance. When the strings are plucked, the body of the guitar vibrates with the string. This is called a forced vibration. This forced vibration makes the guitar body to operate at its natural frequency, hence, it resonates.
The air surrounded by the hollow body of the guitar gets disturbed, and thus efficiently transfers sound waves faster. In this way, the guitar produces a much fuller sound.