I am trying to derive the entropy in normal distribution. Let p ( x ) to be the proba

glitinosim3

glitinosim3

Answered question

2022-06-30

I am trying to derive the entropy in normal distribution. Let p ( x ) to be the probability density function of uniform normal distribution
p ( x ) = 1 2 π σ e x 2 2 σ 2
hence, by using integration by parts, we have
x 2 p ( x ) d x = x 2 p ( x ) d x 2 x ( p ( x ) d x ) d x
Because
p ( x ) d x = 100 %
we have
x 2 p ( x ) d x = x 2 x 2 + C = C
However, lots of relevant proofs online says that
x 2 p ( x ) d x = σ 2
Does anyone know the reason?

Answer & Explanation

Kathryn Moody

Kathryn Moody

Beginner2022-07-01Added 10 answers

By definition, if X has density p ( x ) then E X 2 = x 2 p ( x ) d x. So here we have
x 2 p ( x ) d x = E X 2 = V a r ( X ) + ( E X ) 2 = V a r ( X ) = σ 2 .
If you really need to use integration method, here is one.
x 2 p ( x ) d x = 1 2 π σ x 2 e x 2 2 σ 2 d x = 1 2 π σ σ 2 x d ( e x 2 2 σ 2 ) = 1 2 π σ ( σ 2 x e x 2 2 σ 2 + σ 2 e x 2 2 σ 2 d x ) = σ 2 1 2 π σ e x 2 2 σ 2 d x = σ 2 p ( x ) d x = σ 2 .
Finally, the entropy.
H = p ( x ) log p ( x ) d x = 1 2 σ 2 x 2 p ( x ) d x + log ( 2 π σ ) p ( x ) d x = 1 2 + log ( 2 π σ ) = log ( 2 π e σ ) .

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