When is \(\displaystyle{\frac{{{X}}}{{{R}}}}{\left({X}\right)}\) an integer where

hinnikendvjg

hinnikendvjg

Answered question

2022-03-15

When is XR(X) an integer where R(X) is the reverse of an integer X?

Answer & Explanation

Uriah Hale

Uriah Hale

Beginner2022-03-16Added 3 answers

Step 1
There are no solutions with a ratio of 2 or 3. In fact the only possible ratios are indeed 4 and 9.
Let x be the smaller number with terminal digit a, and y be thevlarger number either terminal digit b. Then y has more digits than x, which kills us, unless the ratio yx=r has only one digit.
Trying r=2, we observe that in the units place we must have 2abbmod10, and the leading digit must satisfy one of the following:
2b=a
2b+1=a
Pairing 2abbmod10 with 2b=a implies 4aabmod10 forcing a=0, which is no good (the product should not have a leading digit of 0). Pairing 2abbmod10 with 2b=a gives 4a+1abmod10 from which we can try a=3, but then 2×6+1=133 (we must have exactly 3, not just 3 mod 10, or else y has too many digits).
Similar logic eliminates 3 as a possible ratio.
For ratios from 5 to 8, we use the fact that b, which must be the leading digit of x as well as the last digit of y, can only be 1. Thus Undefined control sequence \cancel as these fail to be units mod 10. For r=7 we can try a=3, but then the leading digit of y would have to be 3 whereas the actual product 7x, if it has the same digits as x, has to begin with 7,8, or 9.as these fail to be units mod 10. For r=7 we can try a=3, but then the leading digit of y would have to be 3 whereas the actual product 7x, if it has the same digits as x, has to begin with 7,8, or 9.
So we are left with the ratios that are well known to have solutions, 4 and 9. In both cases there are infinitely many solutions. The minimal ones for each ratio are of course
1089×9=9801
2178×4=8712
In each case we may split the first two digits from the last two and insert an arbitrary number of 9's, as in
1099989×9=9899901
2199978×4=8799912
with three 9's inserted (these being the only solutions, by the way, with seven digits). There are also solutions like the following:
1099109999899989×9=9899989999019901
2199219999789978×4=8799879999129912
Step 2
Solutions do exist with ratios of 2 or 3 in other bases. Among them:
112×2=2101 base three
1023×3=3201 base four
13×2=31 base five
4378×2=8734 base twelve
3289×3=9823 base twelve

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