Get Help with Light and Optics Physics and Ace Your Tests

I am sure it's just your eyelashes creating a filtering effects, but if you look a a bright(ish) light source such as a lightbulb while squinting, if looks like you are seeing straight light rays emitting from the lightbulb, I assume you can't see an individual ray of light like this?

(a) What is the minimum width of a single slit (in multiples of $\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; \lambda \; -->}$ ) that will produce a first minimum for a wavelength $\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; \lambda \; -->}$ ?
(b) What is its minimum width if it produces 50 minima?
(c) 1000 minima?

How diffraction sets limits on the smallest details that can be seen with an optical system?

What's it like in a sphere mirror?

What's the reason behind the bending of light around the edges of the body in diffraction phenomenon?

What happens to the diffraction pattern of light as an aperture becomes infinitely small?

Is it possible to find out coordinates of slits by interference image?

If we have two laser beams with central wavelengths ${\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; \lambda \; -->}}_1$ and ${\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; \lambda \; -->}}_2$, (one with a spectral width of $\mathrm{\Delta <!--\; \Delta \; -->}{\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; \lambda \; -->}}_2$ and one with negligible spectral width), interacting in a non-linear crystal, how would we calculate the spectral width of the difference-frequency-generated (DFG) output? I know it's a Lorentzian given by $\mathrm{\Delta <!--\; \Delta \; -->}\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; \lambda \; -->}=\frac{4{\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; \lambda \; -->}}_1^2\mathrm{\Delta <!--\; \Delta \; -->}{\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; \lambda \; -->}}_2}{4({\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; \lambda \; -->}}_2-<!--\; -\; -->{\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; \lambda \; -->}}_1{)}^2-<!--\; -\; -->\mathrm{\Delta <!--\; \Delta \; -->}{\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; \lambda \; -->}}_2^2}$. But I don't know how to prove this.

Currently I have a gas with a density that follows and inverse square law in distance, $r$. Given that I know the mass attenuation coefficient of this gas, I wish to calculate an effective optical depth using a modified version of the Beer-Lambert Law that uses mass attenuation coefficients:
$\mathrm{\tau <!--\; \tau \; -->}=\frac{\mathrm{\alpha <!--\; \alpha \; -->}{\mathrm{\rho <!--\; \rho \; -->}}_{gas}(T)l}{\mathrm{\rho <!--\; \rho \; -->}}=\frac{\mathrm{\alpha <!--\; \alpha \; -->}Mp(T)}{\mathrm{\rho <!--\; \rho \; -->}RT}\int <!--\; \int \; -->\frac{1}{x^2}dx$
Where $\mathrm{\alpha <!--\; \alpha \; -->}$ is the mass attenuation coefficient for the solid phase of the gas [cm${}^{-<!--\; -\; -->1}$], $\mathrm{\rho <!--\; \rho \; -->}$ is the mass density of the solid phase of the gas, l is the path length, M is the molar mass of the gas, $p(T)$is the pressure of the gas as a function of temperature, R is the ideal gas constant and T is the temperature of the gas. ${\mathrm{\rho <!--\; \rho \; -->}}_{gas}$ is the mass density of the gas itself and can be extracted from the ideal gas law:
${\mathrm{\rho <!--\; \rho \; -->}}_{gas}=\frac{p(T)M}{RT}$
The integral emerges from my attempt at rewriting the first equation for a non uniform attenuation, that I have here due to the inverse square law effecting the density of the gas.
However, I am now concerned that units no longer balance here since τ should be unitless. Can anyone help guide me here?

Are quantum effects significant in lens design?

Suppose you have source of coherent light, a laser beam, with +45 polarization. A polarizing beam splitter (PBS) splits the beam into its horizontal and vertical components. The second polarizing beam splitter recombines them into a single beam again. If the two paths between the two PBS are of equal length and there is nothing else in them that would cause a phase shift, I'd assume the output polarization is equal to the input polarization: +45.
What is the output polarization if you place an attenuator in the path of the horizontal component? How do you calculate it?

I know that the energy of a photon can just be found from the equation E = hv. However, if we measure light as a wave, can the energy be found from the amplitude rather than the frequency, like you would with classical waves? If not, why do we say that light can be described as both a wave and a particle if the equations for waves don't work?

Does diffraction of a coherent laser beam affect its polarization state?

Why do electromagnetic waves diffract?

In geometrical optics, how can we say that rays coming from a distant object are parallel to one another?

Can the spectral properties of a light source be predicted from the first-order diffraction patterns?

Suppose you want to produce a diffraction pattern with X rays whose wavelength is 0.025 nm. If you use a diffraction grating, what separution between lines is needed to genorate a pattern with tne first maximum at an angle of ${14}^{\circ <!--\; \circ \; -->}$ ?

Does electromagnetic diffraction ever equal zero?

How does an optical spatial filter work?

A double-slit system with individual slit widths of 0.0250 mm and a slit separation of 0.150 mm is illuminated with 480 nm light directed perpendicular to the plane of the slits. What is the number of complete bright fringes appearing between the two first order minima of the diffraction pattern?