I understand that the magnetization must saturate as more and more domains are aligned. But B is still directly proportional to H, and hence it must increase linearly with H. But every book that teaches B−H curve, says that it saturates after some time. How can this be so?

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notemilyu1208 · Accepted Answer

No, your understanding is wrong: B isn&#039;t proportional to H, the relationship is             B      →        =      μ    0    (            H      →        +            M      →        (            H      →        )  ) where             M      →       is the magnetization . And             M      →       saturates for precisely the reason you state: its maximum value is reached when all the magnetic dipoles in a medium are perfectly aligned with the ambient field             H      →      . At very high fields, when the material saturates,             B      →        keeps increasing with increasing H owing to the &quot;freespace&quot;       μ    0              H      →       term in             B      →        =      μ    0    (            H      →        +            M      →        (            H      →        )  ), but for many materials, the gradient       μ    0   is extremely small compared to the rate of change of             M      →        in the unsaturated region, so the B−H curve looks as though it flattens out even though its gradient has fallen to       μ    0    ≪                                    d                H            M      |              H      =      0

I understand that the magnetization must saturate as more and

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