Learn Significance Test with Examples & Questions

Define Prerequisites for Significance Testing?

A study of the population of NUIG students showed that out of a sample of 155 students surveyed, 45 said they regularly cooked their own food during term time.Carry out a hypothesis test to determine if this gives evidence that more than 25% of the population of NUIG students regularly cooked their own food during term time, i.e test the hypotheses for true population proportion, ${\displaystyle H_0}$: p= 0.25 versus ${\displaystyle H_a}$: p > 0.25, at significance level ${\displaystyle \alpha }$ = 0.05
Complete the test by filling in the blanks in the following:
An estimate of the population proportion is .The standard error is . (3 dec places)The distribution is (examples: normal / t12 / chisquare4 / F5,6).The test statistic has value TS=. (2 dec places)Testing at significance level α = 0.05, the rejection region is: greater than (2 dec places).There (is / is no) evidence to suggest that the true proportion of the population of all NUIG students who regularly cooked their own food during term time, p, is greater than 0.25.

Assume that you are performing a large number ofsignificance tests. Let n be the number of thesetests.
How large would n need to be for you toexpect about one P-value to be 0.0001 or smaller?
Give your answer as a whole number

All of the following are common strategies in qualitative data analysis except:
a. use of tests of significance
b. use of hierarchies
c. use of typologies
d. use of networks

Based on a small sample, a significance test may not yield a statisticallysignificant outcome even if the true value is considerably different fromthe null value. This outcome is also known as?
- significance level
- type I error
- type ll error
- power of the test

As a businessperson, it is hard to share your results if your hypothesis testing does not reach a certain significance level. Make an argument why it is both good and bad to have to include this as part of your research results. Besides hypothesis testing, are there alternative ways to validate the research findings in a business environment?

When blocking is used, discuss how the blocks are likely to be selected and whether their selection method has an impact on the analysis of variance procedure.

You are dnalyzingresuits Tor cupcake restaurant. Ine stuay aims to determine if the cupcake sales have increased. What would be the most approprite signicance level for hypothesis tests for this type of study?1.00.050.010.001O

The level of signifñicance (usually.05) associated with a significance test is the probability,
A. That the alternative hypothesis is true.
B. That the null hypothesis is true.
C. Of not rejecting a true null hypothesis.
D. Of rejecting a true null hypothesis.

(a) In formulating hypotheses for a statistical test of significance, the null hypothesis is often
A. the probability of observing the data you actually obtained
B. a statement that the data are all 0.
C. a statement of ''no effect'' or ''no difference''.
D. 0.05
(b) In testing hypotheses, which of the following would be strong evidence against the null hypothesis?
A. Using a small level of significance.
B. Obtaining data with a large P -value.
C. Obtaining data with a small P -value.
D. Using a large level of significance.
(c) The P -value of a test of a null hypothesis is
A. the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is false, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed.
B. the probability the null hypothesis is false.
C. the probability the null hypothesis is true.
D. the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed.

A college professor randomly selects 25 freshmen to study the mathematical background of the incoming freshman class. The average SAT score of these 25 students is 565 and the standard deviation is estimated to be 40. Using this information, can this professor fully believe that the average test score of all incoming students is larger than 550 at a 5% level of significance?

A local business offers test-taking courses for students who are planning to take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) as part of their graduate school applications. The business promises to produce student test scores that are above the national average. You collect a random sample of 75 local students who have taken the course and calculate that their average GRE score is 1630 with a standard deviation of 320. The average GRE score for all students in the nation is 1590. Conduct a significance test at a=.05 to answer the research question: Does the course significantly improve local student GRE scores?
What are the test requirements/assumptions for this significance test? Check all that apply.
-Random Sample
-Normal Sampling Distribution
-Interval-ratio variable of GRE scores
With an alpha of .05, what is your critical score?

A researcher obtains a Pearson correlation of r = 0.60 for a sample of n = 6 pairs of X and Y scores. If the researcher tests the significance of the correlation, what value will be obtained for the t statistic?

A local pizza store knows the mean amount of time it takes them to deliver an order is 45 minutes arter the order is placed. The manager has a new system for processing delivery orders, and they want to test ifit changes the mean delivery time. They take a sample of delivery orders and find their mean delivery time is 48 minutes.
Let ${\displaystyle \mu }$ represent the mean delivery time under the new system.
What are appropriate hypotheses for their signifhcance test?
a)${\displaystyle H_0:\mu }$= 45 minutes
${\displaystyle H_a:\mu }$ ${\displaystyle \ne }$45 minutes
b)${\displaystyle H_0:\mu }$ =45 minutes
${\displaystyle H_a:\mu }$ ${\displaystyle \ne }$48 minutes
c)${\displaystyle H_0:\mu }$ p= 48 minutes
${\displaystyle H_a:\mu }$ ${\displaystyle \ne }$45 minutes
d)${\displaystyle H_0:\mu }$ = 48 minutes
${\displaystyle H_a:\mu }$ ${\displaystyle \ne }$48 minutes

The average life span of a Golden Retriever is said to be 9.6 years. In a random sample of 15 Golden Retrievers, the following life spans were found:
6.8 10.2 9.5 13 9.9 7.0 8.3 8.9 11.2 10 9.8 13 9.8 9.5 8.7
At a 5% significance level, if we do a complete hypothesis test to test eh claim that the average life span of Golden Retrievers is 9.5, the p-value and conclusion are:
p-value = 0.8187, fail to reject the null hypothesis
p-value = 0.8153, fail to reject the null hypothesis
p-value = 0.8187, reject the null hypothesis
p-value = 0.8153, reject the null hypothesis

Which of the following are true? If false, explain briefly.
a) If the null hypothesis is true, youll

For a test of ${\displaystyle H_o:p=0.5}$, the z test statistic equals ${\displaystyle 1.52}$. Find the p-value for ${\displaystyle H_a:p>0.5}$.

For a test of Ho: p = 0.5, the z test statistic equals -1.74. Find the p-value for Ha: p < 0.5.
a. 0.0892
b. 0.0446
c. 0.0409
d. 0.9554
e. 0.0818

Suppose you conduct a test and your p-value turns out to be 0.08. What can you conclude?
Reject ${\displaystyle H_o}$ at ${\displaystyle \alpha =0.05}$ but not at ${\displaystyle \alpha =0.10}$
a) Reject ${\displaystyle H_o}$ at ${\displaystyle \alpha =0.05}$ but not at ${\displaystyle \alpha =0.10}$
b) Reject ${\displaystyle H_o}$ at ${\displaystyle \alpha =0.01}$ but not at ${\displaystyle \alpha =0.05}$
c) Reject ${\displaystyle H_o}$ at ${\displaystyle \alpha =0.10}$ but not at ${\displaystyle \alpha =0.05}$
d) Reject ${\displaystyle H_o}$ at alpha equal to ${\displaystyle 0.10,0.05,}$ and ${\displaystyle 0.01}$
e) Do not reject ${\displaystyle H_o}$ at ${\displaystyle \alpha }$ equal to ${\displaystyle 0.10,0.05,}$ or ${\displaystyle 0.01}$